If your ethernet port is not working on OS X (it seems to be most common and/or only on the Intel Macbooks):
- Rename /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration
- Toggle a setting in the Network System Preferences panel
- Setup your Network as desired and test it, the configuration should rebuild and your network should now work
A friend had this happen on his brand new Macbook Pro Core 2. However, it has never happened on mine. This may mean the software preload was bad, especially if this happens on a new machine, so doing an Archive and Install is probably a good idea.
Update: Further testing indicates this problem was caused by bad firmware on a
SMC SMCGS16-SMART switch. The problem only occurred upon connection to this brand and model of switch, and was resolved permanently by upgrading the firmware in the switch from v.1.00.04 to v.1.00.06_16.